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Tests, which results are detailed in the following two tables, are performed to show how well sodium metabisulfite ("SMBS") stabilizes color at each pH at 5C and 40C in 4% hydroquinone ("HQ") compositions. 0000002585 00000 n Hydroquinone IS a white crystalline substance when pure and is highly soluble in water. I've been presented with the problem of trying to dissolve Hydroquinone in a solvent other than water. The solubility in water is 6.72g/L. For use herein, the encapsulation forms a protective system to prohibit or inhibit the oxidation of the retinoid. Antioxidants, preferably sulfites, including but not limited to sulfites, bisulfites, metabisulfites, their salts, and their derivatives, most preferably sodium metabisulfite, have been used to stabilize certain compositions, which have included hydroquinone. Google Scholar, W. J. Weber Jr, Y.-P. Chin, C. P. Rice, Water Res. This saturated dicarboxylic acid exists as a white powder. : Metabolism and disposition of hydroquinone in Fischer 344 rats after oral or dermal administration. uv curable cellulose estersuv curable cellulose esters . . AzA inhibits tyrosinase. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-020-02750-4, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-020-02750-4. The obtained results show that the solubility of benzoic acid in water is greater than that of salicylic acid, but in the case of the two isomers of dihydroxybenzene, the solubility of resorcinol is approximately 100 times that of hydroquinone. 0000003430 00000 n Can be destroyed by oxidizing it with an oxidizing mixture. Learn more about Institutional subscriptions, C. M. S. de Mendona, I. P. de Barros Lima, C. F. S. Arago, A. P. B. Gomes, J. Therm. %PDF-1.4 % Pigmentation disorders can take a variety of forms like hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation, such as melasma (dark patches experienced in pregnancy), liver spots (which often develop with age), as a side effect of birth control pills, and as a persistent result of acne, bums, bites and other skin injuries, and vitiligo. 552591, Z. Esina, M. Korchuganova, Theor. antiphlogistics and cardiaca, Cosmetics or similar toilet preparations characterised by the composition, Cosmetics or similar toilet preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients, Sulfur; Selenium; Tellurium; Compounds thereof, Cosmetics or similar toilet preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds, Cosmetics or similar toilet preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen, . The correlation coefficient is greater than 0.9937 for one of these two equations for the binary studied systems where the solvent is either water or 1-octanol. Thank you for your inquiry and interest in ChemPoint. 0 7 r @ &. [22] The FDA stated that hydroquinone cannot be ruled out as a potential carcinogen. [33], Hydroquinone has been shown to be one of the chemical constituents of the natural product propolis. The aquatic toxicity of hydroquinone to fresh water fish, Daphnia, and algae was between 0.050- . valproic acid having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms, e.g. Cite this article. uuid:a150f3fd-7f22-4439-aa26-6f445f4017e5 and our Such carriers are widely known in the art and deliver the composition's ingredients to the skin without excessive degradation, inactivation or other unwanted interaction. Hydroquinone[1] Idrochinone Quinol 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene p-dihydroxybenzene p-hydroxyphenol 1,4-Hydroxy benzene Identifiers CAS Number 123-31-9 Y 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image Beilstein Reference 605970 ChEBI CHEBI:17594 Y ChEMBL ChEMBL537 Y ChemSpider 764 Y DrugBank DB09526 ECHA InfoCard 100.004.199 EC Number 204-617-8 Gmelin Reference 2742 The solubilities in binary and ternary systems of hydroquinone (1,4-dihydroxybenzene) and p-quinone (1,4-benzoquinone) in supercritical carbon dioxide were measured in the pressure range 10.0 to 35.0 MPa at temperatures of 333, 348 and 363 K.In binary systems, the solubility of hydroquinone was three orders of magnitude lower than that of p-quinone. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of cookies. 0.6. glycerin, 2.5. Lastly, I'd like to add benzoic acid for preservation purposes. J. Pharm. Find answers in our support articles. Hydroquinone occurs as fine, white needles. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Hydroquinone, like phenols are very weak acids and can be deprotonated. [27] Several such agents are already available or under research,[28] including azelaic acid,[29] kojic acid, retinoids, cysteamine,[30] topical steroids, glycolic acid, and other substances. ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012, Free format text: Chem. 58 / Monday, March 26, 2012 / Rules and Regulations 10/31/2017 EN (English US) 6/8 12.3. A specific embodiment of the invention is listed in the following table. Chemically, hydroquinone is designated as p-dihydroxybenzene; the empirical formula is C 6 H 6 O 2; molecular weight is 110.0. Retinoid compositions, in particular retinoic acid, retinal, and their derivatives, isomers and analogs (such as adapalene, tazarotene and isotretoin) are known to be effective in improving rough skin texture, mottled pigmentation, sallow complexion, lines and wrinkles. Some products also contain sunscreens. 65, 5786 (1998), Y.-H. Zhang, Trends Analyt. Anal. Natural antioxidants could replace hydroquinone derivatives used in industry. GHS P Statement: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.IF ON SKIN: Gently wash with plenty of soap and water.IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Hydroquinone is a white, odorless, crystalline solid with an extremely low vapor pressure. Airborne hydroquinone may be oxidized to quinone at ordinary . Part of Springer Nature. Protected retinoid may be added to these compositions for additional skin benefit effects. 132, 165172 (2018), X. Li, Q. Yin, W. Chen, J. Wang, J. Chem. Methods and products for nucleic acid production and delivery, Nucleic acid product and its administration method, Nucleic acid product and method of administration thereof, Compositions and systems for the treatment of hyperpigmentation, Methods for prevention of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, Skin care compositions containing retinoids, Improved method for stability of ageing comprising thirosinase inhibitor activity, Use of ascorbic acid to reduce irritation of topically applied active ingredients, COSMETIC COMPOSITIONS WITH ANTIMICOTIC PROPERTIES, EFFECTIVE AGAINST PSORIASIS AND HAIR LOSS AND COSMETIC METHOD FOR, Treatment or prevention of undesired skin pigmentation, Skin care compositions and method of improving skin appearance, Ultrasound enhancement of percutaneous drug absorption, Skin whiteners containing hydroxytetronic acid, Stabilized retinoid-containing skin care compositions, Retinoid compositions containing a water soluble antioxidant and a chelator, Composition and method for treating rosacea and sensitive skin with free radical scavengers, Skin care compositions containing imidazoles and retinoids, Stable compositions containing a retinoid and an enzyme based antioxidant system, Self-tanning compositions containing dha and propolis extract, Composition and process for stabilizing oxygen-unstable species, Bleaching preparation and cosmetic for preventing and improving aging of skin, Composition and method for the treatment of pigmentation disorders, Composition for cosmetic or pharmaceutical use, Remedies for pigmentation and melanocyte proliferation inhibitors, Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase, Divisional application: reference to earlier application, Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent. Correspondence to [24], Numerous studies have revealed that hydroquinone, if taken orally, can cause exogenous ochronosis, a disfiguring disease in which blue-black pigments are deposited onto the skin; however, skin preparations containing the ingredient are administered topically. One skilled in the art is familiar with the known protective system technologies, such as encapsulation and entrapment methodologies. "F$H:R!zFQd?r9\A&GrQhE]a4zBgE#H *B=0HIpp0MxJ$D1D, VKYdE"EI2EBGt4MzNr!YK ?%_&#(0J:EAiQ(()WT6U@P+!~mDe!hh/']B/?a0nhF!X8kc&5S6lIa2cKMA!E#dV(kel }}Cq9 This is a prescription-only ingredient in some countries, including the member states of the European Union under Directives 76/768/EEC:1976. However, the oil-soluble TBHQ is more hydrophobic with a distinctly increased log P value compared to HQ. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Acros Organics product portfolio. Substituted derivatives of this parent compound are also referred to as hydroquinones. and solubility in water. 4]DYR@'c [19][20], In 2006, the United States Food and Drug Administration revoked its previous approval of hydroquinone and proposed a ban on all over-the-counter preparations. HYPERPIGMENTARY STAIN ELIMINATING CREAM FOR FACE SKIN AND ITS USE. It exerts a depigmenting effect on skin of mammals by increasing the excretion of melanin from the melanocytes. These can be burning, redness, sensitization and irritation in some patients. Additionally, the hydroquinone compositions frequently discolor over time and turn from a whitish color to a brown or even black. 0000000731 00000 n LSPS, Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Et Pharmacologie Structurale, University of Tlemcen, BP 119, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria, Department of Biology, University of Ghardaia, BP 455, 47000, Ghardaia, Algeria, You can also search for this author in 1401417, Country of ref document: 0000053439 00000 n I can only tell you how to mix the powder solution to the liquid solvent. Additionally, a water-soluble antioxidant, preferably a sulfite, including but not limited to sulfites, bisulfites, metabisulfites, their salts and their derivatives, most preferably sodium metabisulfite, may be helpful in stabilizing the hydroquinone composition. Hydroquinone occurs in the environment as a result of anthropogenic processes, as well as in natural products from plants and animals. Classical photo shops also sell hydroquinone. Data 53, 12781282 (2008), A. Thus, while cationic salts of acidic ascorbyl esters, preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate and aminopropyl ascorbyl phosphate, have beneficial antioxidant effects on the skin, the combination with hydroquinone in the invention results in a compatible and stable composition. The information given is designed only as a guide for safe handling and use. For a shipping quote, check the box and the bottom and provide us your shipping information. However, hydroquinone discolors at the pH range of 7.0 to 8.5. The FDA had classified hydroquinone in 1982 as a safe product - generally recognized as safe and effective (GRASE), however additional studies under the National Toxicology Program (NTP) were suggested in order to determine whether there is a risk to humans from the use of hydroquinone. Hydroquinone is a white crystalline solid, poorly soluble in water, but more soluble in organic solvents. It does not have the same predisposition to cause dermatitis as metol does. I would like to add retinol and kojic acid to it as well. [17], An important reaction is the conversion of hydroquinone to the mono- and diamine derivatives. Hydroquinone is combustible when preheated. Boucif Belhachemi. Data 51, 127129 (2006), J. Lim, S. Jang, H. K. Cho, M. S. Shin, H. Kim, J. Chem. Hydroquinone Revision Date 24-Dec-2021 General Advice If symptoms persist, call a physician. D-170D Solubility of EASTMAN Hydroquinone and Derivatives Subject: Hydroquinone and hydroquinone derivatives listed in this publication are used as intermediates for manufacturing a variety of products and as polymerization inhibitors for vinyl monomers and unsaturated polyester resins. 88, 161164 (2010), J. Delgado, Int. This medicine may be used for other purposes; ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions. Retinoids are included in the invention from about 0.01 to about 5%, preferably from about 0.025% to about 2.0%, more preferably from about 0.05% to about 1%, and most preferably from about 0.025% to about 0.5%. They may also include ingredients with other therapeutic actions, such as anti-inflammatories, antibiotics, exfoliants and peels. Get medical attention. The reservoir opens through a muscle-controlled valve onto a thick-walled reaction chamber. Sodium metabisulfite has the added advantage that it does not discolor by oxidation. Adobe Acrobat 10.1.6 Paper Capture Plug-in Eastman Hydroquinone, USP, meets or exceeds the requirements of the United States Pharmacopoeia and is produced under conditions of current good manufacturing practices (cGMP). The Boiling Point of hydroquinone is 287C Also, the Melting Point of hydroquinone is 172C. However, a problem with a formulation containing both retinoids and hydroquinone has been their incompatible pH ranges. Rev. Preparation, optimization and in vivo. The composition is preferably formulated in separate phases as designated below. Using a laser-monitoring observation technique, the solubility of hydroquinone in water, methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, and acetic acid were measured at temperatures ranging from 276.65 K to 345.10 K under the atmospheric pressure. Unfortunately, retinoids, in particular retinoic acid, retinal, and their derivatives, isomers and analogs (such as adapalene, tazarotene and isotretoin) also have discoloration problems due to oxidation. This invention addresses the problem of formulating a pigmentation disorder treatment composition with hydroquinone without an excessive discoloration of the composition in the pH range of about 7.0. Toughness of the polymer increases due to the presence of flexible units in the backbone such as long chain diols (e.g., diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol) or long chain saturated acids (e.g., adipic . The preferred protected retinoid is in the form of small beads or vesicles which are of a form that can be adjusted to be incorporated into varied topical compositions. 0000085850 00000 n P, Kind code of ref document: Eastman has active ingredients, thickeners, plasticizers, film formers, and more for your personal care formulations. If youre making your lotion. Without being limited to the mechanism of this discoloration, it is believed that the discoloration may be caused at least in part by oxidation of the hydroquinone. Other antioxidants, for example cationic salts of acidic ascorbyl esters, most preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, aminopropyl ascorbyl phosphate, and sodium ascorbyl phosphate, have not been utilized in combination with hydroquinone in view of the acidic pH, generally from about 3.4 to about 3.5, and the recommended pH range for magnesium ascorbyl phosphate is about 7.0 to 8.5. Eng. It has a white-solid appearance. Conversion factors (at 25C and normal atmospheric pressure) 1 ppm = 4.5 mg/m 3 1 mg/m 3 = 0.222 ppm Table 1. Continue rinsing.IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.Avoid release to the environment.WARNING: The information provided on this web site was developed in compliance with European Union (EU) regulations and is correct to the best of our knowledge, information and belief at the date of its publication. 0000004433 00000 n This invention relates to methods and compositions for the treatment of pigmentation disorders, including hyperpigmentation and vitiligo. Consistent with a condensation reaction, water was determined to be the primary byproduct. Fill out the form below, and we will send you the document as soon as we can! isosorbide, Ascorbic acid, i.e. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. Phase A: Dissolve L-Ascorbic Acid in distilled water via agitation and gentle heating (warm, never hot or you will denature the ascorbic acid). Please sign in to view account pricing and product availability. [Na+].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O, trimethyl-[phenyl-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl]oxysilane, C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](O[Si](C)(C)C)(O[Si](C)(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1, C\C(=C/C=O)\C=C\C=C(\C=C\C1=C(CCCC1(C)C)C)/C, 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC, 2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-(2-dodecoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethanol, C[Si]1(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O1, O=C1C(=O)C(C2=CNC3=C(C(C(=O)C4=C32)=O)C)=C2C4=CNC2=C1C, [Na+].[Na+].[Na+]. One embodiment of the invention is a composition which comprises hydroquinone (about 1% to about 12%, preferably about 2% to about 10%, more preferably about 2% to about 8%, more preferably with about 2% to about 4%, and most preferably about 3% to about 4%) and has a neutral pH of from about 5.5 to about 8.0, more preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 7.5, and most preferably at a pH of from about 6.0 to about 7.5. Do not put this product in the microwave. The Campaign for Safe Cosmetics has also highlighted concerns. 330, 4851 (2012), A. Shalmashi, A. Eliassi, J. Chem. Protected retinoid, with its skin benefit capabilities, may also be included with the hydroquinone composition. 2017-02-16T10:10:56+01:00 Hydroquinone is combustible when preheated. 0000000807 00000 n Hydroquinone is soluble in alcohol solvents such as ethanol and methanol [17]. 49, 313321 (2015). [31], Hydroquinones are one of the two primary reagents in the defensive glands of bombardier beetles, along with hydrogen peroxide (and perhaps other compounds, depending on the species), which collect in a reservoir. application/pdf J. Chem. Hydroquinone is 1,4-benzenediol. endstream endobj 277 0 obj <>stream 0000005089 00000 n Add the hydroquinone to the water. It is highly soluble in water (70 g/litre at 25 C) and the log n-octanol/water partition coefficient is 0.59. ADS 38, 565571 (2006), K. Carlsson, B. Karlberg, Anal. While patients suffer from pigmentation disorders, they may also suffer from other skin disorders and signs of aging, including but not limited to rough skin texture, mottled pigmentation, sallow complexion, lines and wrinkles. &"oq YcbX.=a*t R@ The document was not able to download due to an unknown error. I understand the concentrations are high but I have used them before, its just too expensive to keep buying from a compounding pharmacy. 38, 40814091 (1999), J. Qingzhu, M. Peisheng, Y. Shouzhi, W. Qiang, W. Chang, L. Guiju, J. Chem. A common route involves hydroxylation of phenol. Chim. Stir until uniform. It is a reducmg agent that is reversibly oxidized to semiquinone and quinone. INCI HydroquinoneEastman Hydroquinone, USP is a skin care ingredient used to produce effective skin- lightening applications for depigmentation. Hydroquinone, 99.5%, Thermo Scientific Chemicals 5g, Glass Bottle Quantity: 5g 50g 250g 1kg 5kg Packaging: Glass Bottle Plastic Drum Plastic bottle Description This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Acros Organics product portfolio. Google Scholar, A.-C. Huang, Y.-K. Chuang, C.-F. Huang, C.-M. Shu, J. Therm. These phases (described below) are combined in a mixing tank with an in-line homogenizer as follows. Toxicol. :hS-g"s2Sj Ij=x'V]gPV8tt~qkAVXi|u}5;#.pl-/4JFQ.EP3&F.qa2hI{N qBmG(z#n [GN.}aazN(~8kux9#tnYwIHFuxW v9UNj&ffNW_\\Tc""8=_"7wC>svwQy\^4gF H][QzmlOI(B@ U4[Xb0,|m0*D"/#$\u(QI)RYg\;8 Yjh Approved only for prescription use in the U.S. market.Ideal for creams, lotions, and gels for personal care ingredients, pharmaceutical chemical, pharmaceutical excipients, and skin care ingredients. HYDROQUINONE (hahy droh kwi NOHN) is applied to the the skin to lighten areas that have darkened. How to dissolve Hydroquinone to make 4 oz. 108. The preferred form of protected retinol is manufactured by SunSmart (also known as Particle Sciences, Inc. of Bethlehem, PA) under the brand name of SunCaps A-1283. It is also used to prepare 2% bleaching creams and certain intermediates for the synthesis of dyes, and it has some activity as an antitumoragent. Our team has been notified and we will fix it as soon as possible. The toxicology of hydroquinone - relevance to occupational and environmental exposure. 0000003660 00000 n Tests, which results are detailed in the following two tables, are performed at 5C and 40C for certain percentages of magnesium ascorbyl phosphate at specific pHs. Approximate Solubilities of USP and NF Articles, methanol, 13; ethyl acetate, >10,000; hexanes, >10,000, 0.1 N hydrochloric acid, 1; 0.1 N sodium hydroxide, 1, boiling alcohol, 50; boiling chloroform, 80; acetone at 50, methanol, 3; isopropanol, 69; benzene, 2500; petroleum ether, 5000, dimethylformamide, 10; 10 N sodium hydroxide, 3.5, dimethylacetamide, 2; dimethylformamide, 3.5; dimethylsulfoxide, 3.5, 0.1 N hydrochloric acid, 2500; 0.1 N sodium hydroxide, 100, isopropyl alcohol, 4; propylene glycol, 9; methanol, 5.3, isopropyl alcohol, 1408; propylene glycol, 119; methanol, 75, alcohol solution (1 in 2), 2; diethylphthalate, <1; benzyl benzoate, <1, acetone, 100; methanol, 1000; 0.1 N hydrochloride acid, >1000, absolute alcohol, 8; methanol, 8; propylene glycol, 19, pyridine, 10; methanol, 71; acetone, 130; methylene chloride, 286; toluene, 2000; dioxane, 2000, carbon disulfide, 2 (slowly and usually incompletely), carbon disulfide, 2 (slowly and usually incompletely) olive oil, 100, methylenedichloride, 43; 4-methyl-2-pentanone, 100. wG xR^[ochg`>b$*~ :Eb~,m,-,Y*6X[F=3Y~d tizf6~`{v.Ng#{}}jc1X6fm;'_9 r:8q:O:8uJqnv=MmR 4 HMkA+"c>jZ^ho=81NW;]Ib;+i#iFArHpz). `9F6~qg3]0,#!V9Q> p=|h| We will respond to you shortly. Hydroquinone compositions are effective but have some undesirable side effects. endstream endobj 276 0 obj <>stream Although about 0.01% sodium metabisulfite without magnesium ascorbyl phosphate may not color stabilize an about 4% hydroquinone composition, and about 0.5% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate without sodium metabisulfite may not either, the combination of sodium metabisulfite and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate in these percentages is effective to stabilize the color of the about 1% to about 12%, about 2% to about 10%, preferably about 2% to about 8% and more preferably about 3% to about 4% and most preferably 4% hydroquinone composition. We apologize! Hydroquinone can be made through several routes. Thanks to the added vitamin E, it leaves your skin feeling smooth and soft, too. Eng. In the United States, the most commonly used treatment for hyperpigmentation is 1,4-benzenediol, which is known as hydroquinone. I can't use water because I cannot dissolve enough Hydroquinone into it to reach the desired concentration. SAS Anti-ox booster 1% 0.3g. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Privacy Policy. The present invention combats this problem, with hydroquinone compositions in the neutral pH range, preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 8.0, more preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 7.5, and most preferably at a pH of from about 6.0 to about 7.5. English, J.C. and Deisinger, P.J. At 40C, 4% hydroquinone compositions have the same color stability with slightly more sodium metabisulfite, at least about 0.01% at about 3.5 to about 4.0 pH; at least about 0.05% sodium metabisulfite at about 4.5 to about 6.0 pH; and at pH; at least about 0.05% sodium metabisulfite at about 4.5 to about 6.0 pH; and at least about 0.10% sodium metabisulfite at about 6.5 to about 7.0 pH. In another embodiment of the invention, hydroquinone and a protected retinoid are both combined in the composition. Monobenzone occurs as a white, almost tasteless crystalline powder, soluble in alcohol and practically insoluble in water. . Table II shows that at 5C, 4% hydroquinone compositions maintain their white or light straw color with the addition of at least about 0.5% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate at the low pH ranges (from about 3.50 to about 5.50) and when about 1.0 to about 2.0% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate is used in the pH range of about 7.0. Eastman Hydroquinone, USP Grade is for skin-lightening products to address hyperpigmentation. 20grams ofhydroquinonein 20oz is liquid is 10%. Most preferably, when both a water-soluble antioxidant, preferably sulfite, including but not limited to sulfites, bisulfites, metabisulfites, their salts and their derivatives, most preferably sodium metabisulfite, and a cationic salt of acidic ascorbyl esters, most preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, are present, the color of the hydroquinone composition is stabilized in the neutral pH range, preferably for greater than about six months, more preferably for greater than about twelve months and most preferably for greater than about eighteen months.

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